Banzai Girl is a graphic novel written, illustrated, and published by Jinky Cornado. As usual, I will be going into the Characters, plot, and Logic of the story.
Characters: There’s only one character who’s even worth mentioning, and that’s the main character, Jinky Cornado. No, that is not a coincidence, the creator put herself into the book. Jinky’s an enthusiastic, optimistic high school girl, with supposedly big plans for the future.
We’re introduced to about three other characters by name, but they have NO relevance to the plot what-so-ever.
Character Rating: 0/10
The Plot: Um… I don’t think this story HAS a plot.
Plot Rating: 0/10
The Logic: I guess that some of it made sense…. somewhere. I can’t remember where though.
Logic Rating: 0/10
Overall Rating: 0/10
Closing Comments: Sorry, Jinky, but this just wasn’t that great. Good art style though.
I just got a little Maltese the day before coming to the RWA convention, and I want to be with my baby! He is the cutest ball of fur ever! It feels like a dream (well, partly because I haven’t seen him in a few days). I found my bundle of joy in Hammond, LA. So I think it is only fitting to give him a Cajun name, and Mom helped me come up with Bourré (Boo-ray)! Isn’t it fun! He is as white as a ghost, so Boo is a fun name. At first I wanted to call him Data (like from Star Trek), then Aunt Rayma came up with Boo and eventually it evolved into Bourré. I’m thinking his full name will be Data Bourré.
I will post pics after the conference. Hee, he is inspiring me to add a doggy to the book! He will have to model for me.
Yikes! I’m taking a college course on Foundations of Informational Design and Technology, and I had to record my voice. I’ve been having a heck of a time, but I did figure out how to use my webcam. UGH. I look like a bug with glasses and I have the biggest headphones on I’ve ever seen. Maybe that you’ve seen too!
She strongly placed emphasis on moral behavior and decorum.
Scrupulous in the performance of her royal duties.
Accepted the idea of constitutional monarchy.
64-year reign, which was the longest in British history
Had many talented Prime Ministers to assist her.
Britain had its greatest time of prosperity under her.
Britain’s land and population expanded more than ever before as a result of prosperity and diplomatic relations of Queen Victoria.
A Time of Change
The Industrial Revolution brought increased productivity and economic growth to much of England.
Also brought poverty, overcrowding and appalling work conditions to the many people now living in the cities.
A growing middle class seeks more education and is more literate than ever before.
Personal relationships in times of hardships become more important to Britons as they try to cope with the changes in society. You will see this reflected in literature. Chaos, etc.
New Voices and Direction
Industrial growth, social upheaval and renewed interest in science change the direction of life in Victorian England.
A prosperous middle class emerged as the problems of the poor increased.
Scientific theories challenged traditional religious beliefs. (Think Darwin).
Many poets and authors saw the complacency of society as the decline of beauty and culture.
Change brought with it a profound sense of anxiety and unrest, as well as the realization of how fleeting life can be.
The social structure of England became more rigid and restrictive, emphasizing appropriate roles for both men and women. They must behave in certain ways whether in public, or private–a certain decorum.
When you hear revolution, what comes to mind? Maybe it’s war, new ways of thinking or viewing something. In other words, change. What is industry? It’s an economic system that aids in the production and manufacturing of goods and services for use in our society.
Objectives in this lesson:
Explain why the industrial revolution began in Great Britain.
Describe how inventions in the textile industry led to other new inventions.
Analyze the effects that developments in transportation and communication had on the spread of the Industrial Revolution.
Before the industrial revolution was the Agricultural Revolution.
Before 1600:
Villagers worked on their own plots of land to grow food for their families.
Educate their own children, sell their own food
Used public lands for grazing animals.
1500-1600 lands began to be enclosed, or fenced off into individual plots. Why? you ask. Because of the enclosure movement.
Enclosure Movement
Smaller landholdings were being combined into more efficient, larger holdings.
Wealthy landowners saw increases in population and so had to produce more food.
Reached its height in 1800s
wealthy landowners benefited. they could buy up small plots.
Small landowners lost their lands and their traditional livelihood of living off the land, making their own clothing, etc.
The Agricultural Revolution
Effects of the enclosure movement
Small-plot owners were forced to become tenant farmers.
They had to sign over their lives to the wealthy landowner for X amount of years.
Had to farm the land and give the produce to the landowner. The tenant would only get a portion.
Had to buy their own farming equipment and seed, so they most likely ended up in debt.
Others who didn’t want to do this moved into the cities.
Jethro Tull (not the singer!) was a landowner. Individual farmers would throw seed on the ground. A lot of time seeds wouldn’t take root or birds would eat them.
Invented a seed drill. Enabled Jethro Tull to plant in a straight row.
He also invented a horse drawn hoe. Plowed the soil up and got rid of weeds at the same time.
Crop rotation. Growing the same crops leached the soil of nutrients. Dutch would let the land rest for several years. Charles Turnip Townshend tried planting different crops, which worked, and increased yields.
Iron plow replaced the wooden ones, which were sturdier when plowing in rocky soil.
And American, Jethro Wood, invented the replaceable blade. Other inventors piggy-backed off of this invention, which is great, as you’ll see later.
Only wealthy farmers could afford some of the improvements, so their yields were higher. Taxes went up and the poor farmers who still used the antiquated tools would have to sell their land and move to the cities.
Factors of Production
Industrial Revolution
Rapid industrial development. All the industries–textile, transportation and communication–wasn’t done by manual labor but rather by machines. This began in Great Britain.
Why in Great Britain? Well, because of the factors of production. Land, capital and labor. Land refers to all natural resources. They had coal, iron, ore, rivers.
Coal was important to make steel. Coal burned hotter than wood; heat was needed to make steel.
Rivers were used for power, (steam, which we’ll talk about later), and so factories would shoot up along the rivers–also used for cooling off the steel, which was then used for transportation.
Harbors would be used to transport products to other countries.
Capital
It isn’t just money. It’s tools, machinery, equipment, and inventory used in production. Tools, etc., can be made liquid, an economic term, which means you can sell them and turn them into money. The landowners needed capital to invest in new businesses and new machines.
Labor–most important.
Population growth and migration into the cities, who were needed to work in the factories.
More Factors of Production
Click to Enlarge
Great Britain started linking major manufacturing districts with a railroad system, which then linked the districts to major harbors.
Textile Industry
1600s this industry exploded because of the machines that were invented. Mechanization means machines that have taken over what hands used to do.
The loom
John Kay: The Flying Shuttle (1733): It’s done by a woman who is weaving a cloth. Looms are 6 to 8 feet. It has cotton or string looping from top to bottom. Flying Loom increased productivity. She’s weaving a shuttle through the strings by using a flying shuttle–when it used to take more people.
James Hargreaves: The Spinning Jenny (1760s)
Richard Arkwright: The Spinning Mill–piece of equipment, or technology that pushed forth the industrial revolution because there were factories that were produced because of the Spinning Mill.
Progression of the textile revolution:
Loom to a line shuttle. At one time people would spin cotton into string. With the spinning jenny, the machine does it.
one person could do the job of 20 hand loom operators. So 19 workers would be out of jobs, who were skilled workers. Cottage industry means it was done in the house, not the factory. Skilled workers were out of jobs. As supply increased, the price of cotton decreased.
Imports of raw cotton declined.
4 million 1793 to 1 million 1815. Ramifications all over the world.
Affected the southern United States. Raw cotton was so labor intensive. Had to pick it, then separate it.
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin.
Brought in African slaves. Outnumbered Europeans in the colonies, like in Haiti. This is another story, though, that we won’t get into.
Steam Engines, Iron, and Steel
A portable water supply was needed for power. One time they located their spinning jennies next to a pond but they needed more water.
Thomas Newcomen (1712)
Harnessed the power of steam in an engine. He was an ironmonger. Individuals who were miners–sometimes the mines would get flooded. Only way to get it out was by buckets or horses to carry it out. He invented a steam engine that would pump out the water.
James Watt (1769) patented the first modern steam engine.
Matthew Boulton financed the first factory to manufacture steam engines.
Industry adapted the engine to drive the new spinning and weaving machines
Steam replaced water as industry’s major source of power.
Steam Engines, Iron, and Steel
Iron and Steel
Wood and charcoal vs. iron and coal. Coal would produce enough heat to produce iron ore.
Earlier steam engines made out of iron exploded because they weren’t strong enough to handle the pressure. This is where steel came in.
Henry Bessemer: A cheaper and efficient method of producing steel.
Bessemer process–injected air into molten pig iron. Hot air would get all impurities out to make steel. So the Bessemer furnace changed molten iron into steel.
Other Industrialization
New technology applied to other industries
Production of shoes, clothing, ammunition, and furniture.
England was one of the first cities to burn gas in street lamps; it was common by 1850s
Vulcanization
Charles Goodyear discovered how to make discovered how to make rubber less sticky. This is important because of tires and the basis of modern rubber industry.
The oil industry began in the mid 1800s
Crude oil used to make paraffin (used to make wicks for candles)
Lubricating oil for machinery and kerosene
Transportation
Industrial production increased
Watt’s steam engine used to speed transportation
George Stephen perfected a steam locomotive that ran on rails.
Railroads built all over the world.
Robert Fulton
First to build a profitable steamboat
The Clermont was a steamboat that ran up the Hudson River. Made money connecting New York to Albany. Very profitable.
A steam powered ship crossed the Atlantic in only 17 days (1830s). Faster than a sailing ship.
Ships built of iron and steel move goods all over the world quickly and cheaply.
Most of the above inventions were discovered by amateurs.
The Communication Revolution
You needed scientific training: communication
Alessandro Volta (1800): built the first battery
Andre Ampere (1820): worked out the principles governing the magnetic effect of electricity
Samuel Morse (1838) invented the telegraph, developed Morse Code. Telegraph wires spread throughout Europe and the United States.
The Spread of Industry
Industrial growth in Europe
Had not developed raw materials or markets for the products.
Wars disrupted their economies
France
Imposed tariffs on foreign goods
Encouraged the building of railroads
Germany no central government
The United States
Strong central government
Rich natural resources
British inventions and methods
canals and railroads built
Inventions just kind of piggy-backed off each other. One invention was made, which caused someone else to see that another improvement could be added.
Objectives Review:
Explained why the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain.
Described how inventions in the textile industry led to other new inventions.
Analyzed the effects that developments in transportation and communication had on the spread of the Industrial Revolution.
Describe how 18th Century intellectuals used the ideas of the Scientific Revolution to reexamine all aspects of society.
Relate how people spread the ideas of philosophies.
Explain the Enlightenment effects on religion.
Path to Enlightenment
In the eighteenth century, a philosophical movement occurred–enlightenment, where intellectuals were greatly impressed by the industrial revolution.
Reason was huge–explain how human beings worked together and worked with nature.
These intellectuals wanted to use science to reason out life, to explain life. If reason was applied to behavior then more progress would be made, was their philosophy. They wanted human beings and the world to be a better place to live, and unless they understood the relationships, this would not occur.
Enlightenment was especially influenced by Isaac Newton, who was an English Professor of Mathematics. He viewed the world as a huge machine. He called the world Newtonian World Machine. He saw the world as everything functioning together, the cause and effects and how everything affects other occurrences. Once the ball is rolling, we don’t have much control, which was very different from ideas before the scientific revolution. If we could predict what will happen given a particular incident, we could keep this from happening, thus could prevent subsequent repercussions.
Path To Enlightenment II
John Locke–Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
Everyone is born with a blank mind.
Understanding and knowledge develops through experience.
Society would change if exposed to the right environments and right influences. To improve society, what natural laws should all institutions follow?
Philosophies and Their Ideas
Enlightenment Intellectuals
Mostly French and Upper Class
Centered in France and Europe–reasoning was if they could influence Europe, then they could influence the world.
Varying opinions on the best methods to use. Met in Paris, Vienna and London to debate. Enlightenment occurred for over a century and evolved for generations, becoming more radical.
Montesquieu (Baron)–French Upper Class
Spirit of the Law (1748)
He studied governments using the Scientific Method.
Interested in finding the relationship between the government and the people.
He identified three basic types of government:
Republic–good for small states
Despotism–large states and
Monarchies–middle size
Within these there should be three branches: Monarch or executive, legislative, and judicial system or court system. Really liked Britain. American government did this. Believed in separation of power.
Voltaire: From a Prosperous Middle Class French Family.
Known for his criticism of Christianity. Believed in religious tolerance.
Treatise on Tolerance
Believed in God, just wanted tolerance.
God was like a mechanic–God created the world and then let it run as a natural law. Earth is not influenced by a celestial being.
Denis Diderot
Freelance writer
Studied many subjects and languages
Wrote the first encyclopedia set in 1751 and in 1781.
28 Volumes. Called the Classified Dictionary of Sciences, Arts and Trades.
Used the encyclopedias to support and attack the old French society. Wanted more tolerance and more humane laws. Full of enlightenment ideas.
Economics–free economic trade
Physiocrats
Adam Smith
Laissez Faire
Wealth of Nations (1776)
Beccaria and Justice
Most European nations had a court system by the 18th century
Cesare Beccaria
Crimes and Punishments (1764) –thought capital punishment was barbaric and hypocritical of governments to punish murderers by murdering them.
Later Enlightenment
By the late 1760s
New generation of Philosophies
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Worked in Paris
Discourse on the Origins of Inequality of Mankind
People were slaves to the government
Social Contract (1762)
Society should be governed by the general will
Believed in a balance between emotion and reason
Believed women should be nurtured and taken over, inferior to men. Had enemies because of this because of the Women’s Rights Movements that were starting up.
Banzai Girl is a graphic novel written, illustrated, and published by Jinky Cornado. As usual, I will be going into the Characters, plot, and Logic of the story.
